Steriliser, gravity-displacement type: type of steam steriliser in which incoming steam displaces residual air through a port or drain in or near the bottom (usually) of the steriliser chamber. Typical operating temperatures are 121–123°C (250–254°F) and 132–135°C (270–275°F). Steriliser, prevacuum type: type of steam steriliser that depends on one or more pressure and vacuum excursions at the beginning of the cycle to remove air. This method of operation results in shorter cycle times for wrapped items because of the rapid removal of air from the chamber and the load by the vacuum system and because of the usually higher operating temperature (132–135°C [270–275°F]; 141–144°C [285– 291°F]). This type of steriliser generally provides for shorter exposure time and accelerated drying of fabric loads by pulling a further vacuum at the end of the sterilizing cycle. Steriliser, steam-flush pressure-pulse type: type of steriliser in which a repeated sequence consisting of a steam flush and a pressure pulse removes air from the sterilising chamber and processed materials using steam at above atmospheric pressure (no vacuum is required). Like a prevacuum steriliser, a steam-flush pressurepulse steriliser rapidly removes air from the sterilising chamber and wrapped items; however, the system is not susceptible to air leaks because air is removed with the sterilising chamber pressure at above atmospheric pressure. Typical operation temperatures are 121–123°C (250–254°F), 132–135°C (270–275°F), and 141–144°C (285–291°F). Surfactant: agent that reduces the surface tension of water or the tension at the interface between water and another liquid; a wetting agent found in many sterilants and disinfectants. Tabletop steam steriliser: a compact gravity-displacement steam steriliser that has a chamber volume of not more than 2 cubic feet and that generates its own steam when distilled or deionised water is added. Time-weighted average (TWA): an average of all the concentrations of a chemical to which a worker has been exposed during a specific sampling time, reported as an average over the sampling time. For example, the permissible exposure limit for ethylene oxide is 1 ppm as an 8-hour TWA. Exposures above the ppm limit are permitted if they are compensated for by equal or longer exposures below the limit during the 8-hour workday as long as they do not exceed the ceiling limit; short-term exposure limit; or, in the case of ethylene oxide, excursion limit of 5 ppm averaged over a 15-minute sampling period. Tuberculocide: an EPA-classified hospital disinfectant that also kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tubercle bacilli). EPA has registered approximately 200 tuberculocides. Such agents also are called mycobactericides. 66 ΚΛΙΝΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΤΗΡΙΕΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΕΣ • ΑΠΟΣΤΕΙΡΩΣΗ
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